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1.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 56: e0503, 2023.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1529504

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Molecular methods have been responsible for a notable increase in the detection of Leishmaniinae infections in wild animals. Determining their infectiousness is of paramount importance in evaluating their epidemiological significance. One of the most efficient ways of determining infectiousness for vector borne diseases is xenodiagnosis with the appropriate vector. However, this is logistically very difficult to accomplish in the field, and an ideal solution is to find a molecular surrogate for xenodiagnosis. In this review we discuss different approaches to the problem by focusing on the infectiousness of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in rodents under laboratory and field conditions. Comparisons with similar studies for other Leishmania species emphasizes that there are pivotal differences in the infectiousness and the importance of asymptomatic infections in different hosts. Potentially the most promising surrogate is the real time quantitative PCR (qPCR). However, its success depends on choosing a tissue that relates to the vector's feeding location and the parasite's tissue tropism. This requires detailed knowledge of the infection of each species in its wild hosts. We conclude that for L. (V.) braziliensis infections in wild rodents the tissue of choice for a molecular xenodiagnostic test, based on the qPCR is blood, providing that a significant number of samples must be examined.

2.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 38(3): 229-233, maio-jun. 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-399913

ABSTRACT

Este estudo tem como objetivo geral caracterizar a epidemiologia da leishmaniose tegumentar americana em unidade de treinamento militar, localizada no Estado de Pernambuco. Entre 2002 e 2003, vinte e três casos foram diagnosticados através de exame clínico, detecção do parasita e teste de intradermoarreação de Montenegro. Sete amostras de Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis foram isoladas destes pacientes, identificadas através de reações com anticorpos monoclonais específicos e perfil eletroforético com isoenzimas. Um inquérito epidemiológico de prevalência da infecção por IDRM foi realizado na população que realizou treinamento neste período, no qual foi identificada uma prevalência de 25,3 por cento de infecção. Os dados obtidos, associados com achados prévios nesta área, apresentam evidências da manutenção de um ciclo enzoótico, com a ocorrência de surtos periódicos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana posteriormente à realização de treinamentos nas áreas de floresta Atlântica remanescente.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Antibodies, Protozoan/immunology , Disease Outbreaks , Leishmania braziliensis/immunology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/epidemiology , Military Personnel , Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology , Antiprotozoal Agents/therapeutic use , Brazil/epidemiology , Intradermal Tests , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/drug therapy , Meglumine/therapeutic use , Prevalence , Trees
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